Aryan Raj

The Karnataka Real Estate Regulatory Authority (Authority) on May 5 directed Mantri Developers to execute the registered sale deed in favour of a homebuyer and hand over possession of a flat in...

The Haryana Real Estate Regulatory Authority on 6 May held that a homebuyer is entitled to compensation for loss of property appreciation arising from delayed possession, and directed Experion...

The Telangana Real Estate Regulatory Authority (Authority), on 5 May, directed SVS Square Spaces to carry out comprehensive waterproofing works and permanently rectify seepage and leakage issues in...

The Karnataka Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA) has recently directed Frontier Shelters Pvt. Ltd. to pay ₹21.63 lakh as interest for delaying possession of a flat in its Frontier Heights...

The Haryana Real Estate Regulatory Authority (Authority) recently (May 19) directed Ansal Housing Limited to refund Rs. 77.35 lakh along with interest to homebuyers after finding that the...

The Punjab Real Estate Regulatory Authority has reiterated that a plot buyer's statutory right to claim interest for delayed possession cannot be defeated by a consent undertaking executed in...

The Haryana Real Estate Regulatory Authority (HRERA), Gurugram, has recently directed Elan Limited to refund the money paid by allottees of a commercial unit in its "Elan Epic" project. While...

This systematic review evaluates the prognostic significance of hyponatremia in patients with cirrhosis across diverse clinical settings. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between January 2000 and December 2025, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and a structured Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes (PICO) framework. Observational cohort studies assessing the association between serum sodium levels and mortality outcomes in adult patients with cirrhosis were included. Seven studies met the eligibility criteria, encompassing heterogeneous cohorts, including critically ill patients, transplant waitlist populations, and individuals with advanced disease states such as refractory ascites. Across the included studies, hyponatremia consistently emerged as an independent predictor of mortality, with prognostic significance observed across varying degrees of disease severity and clinical contexts. Notably, serum sodium demonstrated additional risk-stratification value beyond the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, particularly among patients with lower MELD scores, suggesting its utility in identifying high-risk individuals who may otherwise be underestimated by conventional prognostic models. From a pathophysiological perspective, hyponatremia reflects underlying circulatory and neurohumoral dysfunction, integrating key features of decompensated liver disease into a single clinically measurable parameter. Despite heterogeneity in study design and definitions of hyponatremia, the included studies generally demonstrated moderate methodological quality. Collectively, these findings support the incorporation of serum sodium into prognostic assessment frameworks while emphasizing the need for cautious interpretation and further research focusing on dynamic sodium trends and multidimensional risk-prediction models.

The Haryana Real Estate Appellate Tribunal has recently held that an Adjudicating Officer under the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 cannot entertain complaints seeking directions...

Cigarette smoking remains a major modifiable contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality through mechanisms involving systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and hematologic abnormalities. Although the long-term cardiovascular benefits of smoking cessation are well-established, the temporal pattern of biologic recovery following cessation remains incompletely understood. This systematic review synthesized current evidence regarding the reversal of cardiovascular risk biomarkers after smoking cessation, with emphasis on the timing and magnitude of biomarker normalization. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL identified studies published between January 1990 and May 2024 evaluating biomarker changes following smoking abstinence. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, prospective clinical studies, and observational investigations involving adults who achieved smoking abstinence for at least seven days. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool and the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) instrument, and findings were synthesized narratively because of methodological heterogeneity. Ten studies comprising 2,750 participants met the inclusion criteria. Biomarker recovery followed a staged temporal pattern, with oxidative stress markers improving within one to two weeks, inflammatory biomarkers declining over approximately two to 12 weeks, and lipid and hematologic parameters improving more gradually over three to eight months. However, substantial heterogeneity in study design, cessation interventions, biomarker selection, and follow-up duration limited direct cross-study comparability. Adjunctive interventions, including antioxidant supplementation and exercise, appeared to enhance biomarker recovery in selected populations. Overall, smoking cessation was associated with progressive improvement in multiple cardiovascular risk pathways, supporting its critical role in cardiovascular prevention and highlighting the potential value of biomarker-guided approaches in future risk-reduction strategies.