By: Vinícius Bacelar Ferreira, Leticia Azevedo Soster, Carlos Maurício De Almeida, Letícia Rodrigues Nunes Pinheiro, Jefferson Macêdo Dantas, David Abraham Batista Da Hora, Diego Monteiro De Carvalho
HighlightsWhat are the main findings?•An analysis of 22 recent studies (2019–2024) confirms a strong association between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and a broad spectrum of problems, including poor school performance, excessive daytime sleepiness, hyperactivity, and anxiety.•The central finding is a profound methodological heterogeneity; studies lack standardization in diagnostic tools (despite the common use of polysomnography) and behavioral assessment, which impedes data synthesis.What are the implications of the main findings?•Clinically, pediatricians and psychologists should maintain a high index of suspicion for SDB in children presenting with unexplained behavioral, emotional, or academic changes.•For future research, adopting standardized assessment protocols is an urgent necessity to overcome the current heterogeneity, elucidate causal mechanisms, and optimize clinical intervention strategies.

















