Fernando Sanchez

In the rapidly evolving urban landscape, parking buildings are vital components of a wide variety of facilities, and—as their functional importance

This study investigates the effect of laser power, focal length, and number of passes on the fabrication of graphene-based strain sensors using a 450 nm diode laser at the upper limit of the UV spectrum. Polyimide substrates were irradiated to produce laser-induced graphene, and the resulting sensors were evaluated under three-point bending tests. The main requirements for deformation sensors—adequate conductivity, mechanical stability under bending, and high sensitivity (gauge factor)—were assessed through morphological analysis by SEM, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical characterization using the Van der Pauw method. The results indicate that laser power is the critical factor influencing graphene quality and sensor performance, while focal length has a negligible effect and additional passes reduce material quality and sensitivity. Overall, this work demonstrates the feasibility of producing functional, low-cost graphene strain sensors with a commercial diode laser, offering a scalable and affordable alternative for sensor fabrication.

The U.S. Department of Justice has opened an investigation into the City University of New York's Black Male Initiative (BMI), a program designed

“The future is not set. There is no fate but what we make for ourselves.” That iconic line from the Terminator saga summarizes one of the greatest