Gerardo Zavala

California state lawmakers yesterday debated several bills aimed at increasing oversight of federal immigration enforcement and targeting companies that work with Immigration and Customs Enforcement. From our partners at CapRadio, Gerardo Zavala has more.

A proposal to strip certain California tax breaks from corporations contracting with federal immigration enforcement agencies is making its way through the state legislature. But legal experts say the measure could face constitutional challenges similar to past California immigration laws struck down in the courts.

How are people feeling about voting in this election? CapRadio reporters hit the streets to find out.

The California High Speed Rail Board of Directors unanimously approved a business plan earlier this week that envisions passenger service between Merced and Bakersfield by 2033.

Early election results show Democrats performing well in the three congressional districts that now divide Placer County under California’s new congressional map. The races are among the first major tests of a voter-approved redistricting measure passed last year.

New “mega master” hearings are bringing as many as 100 immigrants into court at a time, raising concerns about due process and access to legal representation.

California Energy Commission officials are investigating whether major gas brands are charging Californians more than necessary after the conflict with Iran sent fuel prices higher.

As Californians struggle with high costs for everything from groceries to gasoline, state lawmakers are considering a bill aimed at stopping companies from using personal data to charge different customers different prices.

California lawmakers included one year of funding in the state budget to keep alive a federal program many small farmers and food banks rely on.

Background Type 2 Diabetes prevalence is rapidly increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where constrained health budgets and inequitable resource distribution limit access to quality care. Primary healthcare is central to addressing these challenges; however, the implementation of evidence-based diabetes care remains inconsistent. This scoping review mapped implementation strategies for integrating diabetes care into primary healthcare settings in LMICs and identified associated barriers and facilitators influencing implementation. Methods This review focuses on type 2 diabetes, given its predominance and relevance to primary healthcare delivery in LMICs, and followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and was reported in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The search strategy was peer-reviewed using the PRESS checklist. Eight electronic databases were searched for studies published between January 1996 and November 2024. Eligible studies were conducted in LMICs, as defined by the World Bank, and described the implementation, adaptation, or evaluation of evidence-based Type 2 diabetes care in primary healthcare settings. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. Implementation strategies were mapped to the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) taxonomy, while reported barriers and facilitators were coded using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results Ninety-two articles describing 85 studies across 27 LMICs were included. Implementation strategies most frequently clustered within Engage Consumers, Change Infrastructure, and Use Evaluative and Iterative Strategies, whereas Adapt and Tailor to Context and Utilise Financial Strategies were less often explicitly reported. Forty-three studies reported clinical outcomes only, 11 reported implementation outcomes only, and 31 reported both. Studies more frequently reported improvements in clinical and/or implementation outcomes that combined multiple strategies, particularly provider training and decision support alongside patient or family engagement and pragmatic system redesign. Co-occurrence analyses indicated that Train and Educate Stakeholders was frequently paired with Engage Consumers, supported by supervision, feedback mechanisms, and infrastructure strengthening. CFIR mapping suggested that workflow integration, leadership engagement, regular supervision, and reliable medicine and diagnostic supplies were commonly associated with improved adoption and fidelity, while connectivity challenges, stock-outs, and high workload disrupted implementation and limited scale-up. Reporting of adoption, fidelity, and acceptability remained uneven, and financial strategies were poorly described despite their relevance to sustainability. Conclusion In LMIC primary healthcare settings, diabetes care implementation most commonly emphasises provider training, infrastructure strengthening, and interactive support strategies, while explicit attention to contextual adaptation and financial mechanisms is less frequently reported. Implementation outcomes were reported to be influenced by leadership engagement, digital tools, and community involvement, alongside persistent constraints related to workforce capacity, supply chains, and feedback systems. Future implementation efforts should more explicitly address contextual fit, system integration, and sustainability when designing and scaling diabetes care interventions in primary healthcare.