Jeremy Jones

Congenital scoliosis refers to scoliosis resulting from a congenital abnormality of the vertebra, e.g. a segmentation or fusion defect. They make up 10% of scoliosis cases

The internal acoustic canal (IAC) , also known as the internal auditory canal or meatus (IAM) , is a bony canal within the petrous portion of the temporal bone that transmits nerves and vessels from within the posterior cranial fossa to the auditory and vestibular apparatus.

Last revised by Henry Knipe on 4 Aug 2026 Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data Soft tissue calcification is commonly seen and caused by a wide range of pathologies.

Dystrophic calcification occurs in damaged or necrotic tissue, while the serum levels of calcium and phosphorus are normal. Dystrophic calcification is the most common type of soft tissue calcification (~95%) . Dystrophic soft tissue calcification may progress to heterotopic ossification , in which case a cortical and trabecular bone pattern is visible.

Research into preserved fossil fruits has led to the discovery of a new genus and species. Supplied: Queensland Museum

Irvine, California – Sahar Scioneaux, a Certified Family Law Specialist and Senior Trial Attorney at Reel Fathers Rights, was included in the 2027 edition of Best Lawyers: Ones to Watch® in America for Family Law. It is her first Best Lawyers® recognition.

With school back in session, many teenagers may rely on a shortcut to stay awake when getting up early–caffeine.

The aortic hiatus is one of the three major apertures through the diaphragm and lies at the level of T12. Strictly speaking, it is not a real aperture in the diaphragm, but an osseoaponeurotic opening between it and the vertebral column

The diaphragmatic apertures are a series of 3 unpaired large apertures that permit the passage of structures between the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Peripheral nerve injuries of the hand are common; however, exteriorization of a nerve fascicle following minor trauma is exceedingly rare. We present the case of an 80-year-old female who sustained a cat scratch to the dorsum of the hand, resulting in extrusion of a threadlike structure later confirmed to be neural tissue. Initial management included conservative wound care and submission of the specimen as a presumed foreign body. Due to limited clinical information, the specimen underwent gross examination only and was nearly discarded. Following direct communication with pathology, frozen section analysis confirmed the presence of a nerve fascicle. This case highlights the importance of anatomical recognition, accurate specimen labeling, and interdisciplinary communication. It also demonstrates a unique mechanism of peripheral nerve injury involving traction and exteriorization along the presumed course of a dorsal digital nerve.