Route is vital for Iraqi crude exports because of effective closure of Strait of Hormuz
Vladimir Afanasiev is a FSU correspondent at Upstream. He covers a range of topics including energy policy and regulation, renewable energy, and mining operations, with a focus on the intersections of energy and mining across various regions including APAC and LATAM. His work has been featured in notable publications, highlighting his expertise in energy sustainability, oil and gas, and finance.


