William Smith

William likes taking edibles, watching movies with his dogs, and then writing about those movies, because what else is there to do while the world burns?

William likes taking edibles, watching movies with his dogs, and then writing about those movies, because what else is there to do while the world burns?

William likes taking edibles, watching movies with his dogs, and then writing about those movies.

William likes taking edibles, watching movies with his dogs, and then writing about those movies.

William likes taking edibles, watching movies with his dogs, and then writing about those movies.

The National Science Foundation-sponsored Cold-Air outbreak Experiment over the Sub-Arctic Region (CAESAR) is motivated by hypotheses in how dynamical, aerosol and cloud microphysical processes influence cold-air outbreak development and the accompanying spatial organization of clouds and precipitation, including in polar lows. CAESAR characterized the aerosol, thermodynamic and dynamic environment occupied by mixed-phase clouds within air masses moving southward off the Arctic sea ice over the Greenland/Norwegian Seas in the spring of 2024. The aircraft campaign supported a suite of remote sensing and in situ measurements below, within and above the mostly shallow convective clouds. Three flights reached the Greenland Marginal Ice Zone. A golden-case cold-air outbreak, sampled from its origin in clear skies over 100% sea ice, revealed a boundary layer containing anthropogenically-modified air, with the first-detected in situ cloud particles being ice polycrystals, within -25 °C air. Two flights sampled polar lows, and another flight characterized a closed-to-open cell transition occurring under high aerosol loading originating from Siberia and strong surface fluxes. The transition occurred after drizzle-sized drops developed within a boundary layer deepening under a weakening inversion. Combined ice particle and ice nucleating particle concentrations suggest most ice production is primary at cloud temperatures < -20 °C, with secondary ice production evident at cloud temperatures > -20 °C. Overall these first observations already reveal a diversity of CAO cloud structures.

Ashland native Jacob Harth discusses his plans to transform a historic Tillamook Bay property into a restaurant, seafood market and workforce housing.

Avoiding these common mistakes can make a significant difference in the outcome of a personal injury case.

William likes taking edibles, watching movies with his dogs, and then writing about those movies.

William likes taking edibles, watching movies with his dogs, and then writing about those movies.