More than 18,000 children were shipped off to faraway schools in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Nearly 900 known deaths occurred in the 417 federal-run institutions, along with uncounted cases of trauma, abuse, neglect, poor nutrition and despair. Entire generations paid the price for a failed federal policy.
Debra Utacia Krol is an environmental reporter specializing in local issues in the United States, particularly in Arizona, with a focus on the Phoenix area. She writes for various publications including The Arizona Republic, azcentral.com, La Voz, Yahoo News, AOL, Inc., and USA TODAY. Her articles cover a range of topics including water shortages, tribal land and water rights, environmental restoration, and Native American issues.