Gaurav Singh

BackgroundA death certificate is an important document that serves as a tool for gathering epidemiological data and as an essential legal document. Although it is a mandatory document to be given for all deaths, the quality of its filling is often an ignored aspect and errors are frequently encountered. This documentation process can be mastered with minimal educational efforts. This study aimed to determine the utility of an educational measure in improving the accuracy of death certificate documentation.Methods and materialsThis pre- and post-interventional study was conducted at Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha, a tertiary care teaching hospital in Hisar, Haryana, India, wherein an audit of death certificates was done before and after an educational intervention on doctors responsible for filling death certificates. Errors in the death certificates were classified into major and minor errors and compared in the pre- and post-intervention groups.ResultsA total of 184 pre-intervention and 136 post-intervention death certificates were audited. In the pre-intervention certificates, at least one major and one minor error were present in 88% and 92.93% of the certificates, respectively, which was reduced to 33% (p < 0.01; relative risk (RR) = 3.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.69-4.91) and 38% (p < 0.01; RR = 3.33; 95% CI = 2.53-4.37), respectively, post-intervention. Reduction in all types of major and minor errors was statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionsErrors in death certification are a common but frequently ignored problem that can have a negative impact on epidemiological data and can be drastically reduced with simple educational measures, which need to be carried out regularly.

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), continues to be a major public health problem worldwide.

आशाएं जो कभी ना खत्म होने वाली... Literature Gaurav Singh 2 min read प्रिय साथियों,

Background: Umbilical cord milking (UCM) and delayed cord clamping (DCC) are strategies that improve the hemodynamic condition of the newborn and also increase the storage of iron. This study aimed to compare the effects of DCC with or without milking in late preterm and term neonates at different time intervals after birth (60, 120, and 180 seconds) on hematological and hemodynamic parameters in neonates at six weeks of age.Materials and methods: In this double-arm, parallel-group, triple-blind, and active-controlled trial, all 150 eligible neonates were randomized with allocation concealment into three groups: Group A (DCC with UCM at 60 seconds), Group B (DCC with UCM at 120 seconds), and Group C (only DCC for 180 seconds). Hemodynamic parameters were recorded and compared during the first 48 hours, and hematological parameters were compared at six weeks of age.Results: At six weeks, a significant difference in hemoglobin levels was noted between Groups A, B, and C (p<0.001). The difference in serum ferritin values at six weeks was also statistically significant in comparisons across all three groups (p=0.003). Regarding secondary outcomes examined, hemodynamic parameters and the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were found to be comparable at 48 hours after birth.Conclusion: DCC followed by UCM at 120 seconds and DCC till 180 seconds proves superior to DCC with UCM at 60 seconds in preserving elevated hemoglobin levels and iron stores in neonates at six weeks of age. DCC for 180 seconds yielded comparable results, followed by UCM at 120 seconds. All three methods are considered safe and effective without compromising the neonate's hemodynamics.

BackgroundChildhood malnutrition remains a global concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries, and is known to create an intergenerational cycle of illness and poverty. Women's empowerment has gained global recognition as a potential catalyst for improving child nutrition. The objective of this research was to investigate the association between women's empowerment factors and the nutritional status of children under five years of age.MethodsThe study used data from the National Family Health Survey-5, conducted in India between 2019 and 2021 by the International Institute of Population Sciences, Mumbai. A weighted sample of 29,491 mother-child pairs was analyzed. The odds ratio for women's empowerment and sociodemographic factors associated with the nutritional status of children under five years of age was calculated using Pearson’s chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.ResultsThe study found that the sex of the child (OR = 1.066, 95% CI: 1.017 to 1.117; p-value: 0.008), birth order (OR = 0.824, 95% CI: 0.780 to 0.871; p-value < 0.001), education of the mother (OR = 1.356, 95% CI: 1.255 to 1.464; p-value < 0.001), education of the father (OR = 1.227, 95% CI: 1.140 to 1.320; p-value < 0.001), having a bank or savings account that she uses (OR = 1.151, 95% CI: 1.084 to 1.221; p-value < 0.001), having a mobile phone that she uses (OR = 1.184, 95% CI: 1.125 to 1.246; p-value < 0.001), and wealth index (OR = 1.597, 95% CI: 1.514 to 1.684; p-value < 0.001) were significant predictors of undernutrition in children under the age of five (U5).ConclusionWomen's empowerment factors play a significant role in improving childhood nutrition. In the study, male sex, higher birth order, lower parental education, poor wealth index, maternal lack of access to a bank or a savings account, and lack of mobile phone ownership were found to be significant predictors of undernutrition in children U5. The findings underscore the importance of family planning, financial inclusion, access to mobile phones, and higher education for women as important factors that can help improve the nutritional status of children under five years of age. Policymakers can utilize these insights to make targeted strategies for women's empowerment, thus improving the nutritional status of children. However, being a secondary data analysis, our research is constrained by the variables available in the dataset. Further research is required to better comprehend the complex relationship between women empowerment and child nutrition.

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Abstract Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that constantly change morphology. What controls mitochondrial morphology however remains unresolved.