Graham Mann

DEATHS linked to flesh-eating “zombie” drugs are still rising — with Scotland having the UK’s worst fatalities rate. Nitazene killed 75 addicts north of the border by the end of October — far more …

THERE are “no safe havens” for Scots mob fugitives to hide out in, global policing bosses have warned. An Interpol chief told how increasing cooperation between its 196 members means it’s much hard…

A MUM told how a brute who crushed her baby until his ribs cracked tried to “intimidate” her into helping him dodge jail. The woman, 25, said Dylan Rogers badgered her for a character reference des…

A SWEDISH beauty, a hubby murder plot fugitive and a Scots hood are among the most wanted criminals in Europe. Glamorous brunette Tania Gomez is being hunted by cops across the continent along with…

COPS are probing a Scot who reportedly lost an eye while fighting for Russian tyrant Vladimir Putin’s forces in Ukraine. Officers from Police Scotland have launched an investigation into the circum…

COPS in Scotland are probing a Glasgow mercenary who lost an eye while fighting for Russia – as a banned pro-Putin blogger gave the Scot his backing. Officers from Police Scotland have launch…

TOP cops are pleading with Scotland’s chief constable to sort out force-wide pay disputes amid growing concerns over officers’ health and public safety. Brassed-off chiefs are now working-to-rule t…

SCOTLAND’S most famous shopping street is at the mercy of a “theft-demic” crime wave that’s costing business owners thousands of pounds. Thieves have been caught on camera carrying out brazen…

AN ONGOING incident has sparked a police lockdown of a block of flats. An area around the homes on Glen Lee in St Leonard’s, East Kilbride, has been sealed off with police tape. Residents tol…

The 2022 Hunga volcanic eruption injected a significant amount of water vapor and a moderate amount of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere causing observable responses in the climate system. We have developed a model-observation comparison project to investigate the evolution of volcanic water and aerosols, and their impacts on atmospheric dynamics, chemistry, and climate. The project goals are: 1. Validate the current chemistry-climate models to have more confidence in their performance; and 2. Understand atmospheric responses in the Earth system after this exceptional event and investigate the potential impact in the projected future. To achieve these goals, we designed specific experiments for direct comparisons to observations, for example from balloons and the Microwave Limb Sounder satellite instrument. Experiment 1 is a free-running ensemble experiment from 2022 to 2031. Experiment 2 is a nudged-run experiment from 2022 to 2023. To allow participation of more climate models with varying complexities of aerosol simulation, we include two sets of simulations in Experiment 2: Experiment 2a is designed for models with internally-generated aerosol while Experiment 2b is designed for models using prescribed aerosol surface area density. We take model results from the previously developed Tonga-MIP to fulfill Experiment 3, which focuses on the initial dispersion and microphysical evolution of aerosol and water plumes. Experiment 4 is designed to understand the climate impact on the mesosphere from 2022-2027, for which the experiment design is the same as Experiment 1 but for models that resolve the upper stratosphere and mesosphere