Gregory S.

Abstract Background Sugar alcohols, such as erythritol, are low-impact candidates for attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) to kill mosquitoes.

Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Trans Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,USA

Management choices during the pullet phase can affect behavior, welfare, and health later in life, but few studies have evaluated the pullet phase, particularly in extensive housing systems. This study was a 2 × 2 factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two strains and two stocking densities. The Lohmann LB-Lite and Lohmann LSL-Lite were housed on the floor at high-stocking density (619–670 cm2/bird) and low-stocking density (1249–1352 cm2/bird), which changed with age from 2 to 16 weeks of age (WOA). Bird-based measures of appearance, blood parameters, organ measurements, and production values were evaluated. Stocking density alone affected (p < 0.05) only relative bursal weight (% of body weight)—3.32% in the low-density versus 3.08% in the high-density group. High-stocking density was correlated with decreased uniformity (high—89.33 ± 0.24%; low—90.41 ± 0.24; p < 0.02) and worse feather coverage in the brown strain. High-stocking density was correlated with greater uniformity (High—90.39 ± 0.24%; Low—88.47 ± 0.24%; p < 0.001) and better feather coverage in the white strain. This study’s feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved by 0.07 in the low-stocking density for both strains. The remaining parameters were affected by strain and age only. Thus, while stocking density effects vary slightly depending on the strain used, cage-free pullets had limited negative effects at both the high and low-stocking densities tested in this study; there were few to no changes in the numerous bird-based welfare parameters tested.

Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA Danisco Animal Nutrition, IFF, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, The Netherlands

Abstract Dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a common feature of colorectal cancer (CRC). The T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer

Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA

Three titanium alloys with 0.5, 6, and 9 wt.% iron were investigated, and the samples were pre-annealed in three different regions of the Ti–Fe phase diagram, namely β, α+β, and α+FeTi. After annealing, five samples of different phases and structural compositions were studied. They were then subjected to the high-pressure torsion (HPT). The microstructure of the samples before and after HPT treatment was studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The microstructure of the samples obtained during heat treatment before HPT treatment had a fundamental effect on the microstructure after HPT. Grain boundary layers and chains of particles formed during the annealing process made it difficult to mix the material during HPT, which led to the formation of areas with non-uniform mixing of components. Thus, the grain boundary layers of the α-phase formed in the Ti–6wt % Fe alloy after annealing at 670 °C significantly decreased the mixing of the components during HPT. Despite the fact that the microstructure and phase composition of Ti–6wt % Fe alloys pre-annealed in three different regions of the Ti–Fe phase diagram had significant differences, after HPT treatment, the phase compositions of the studied samples were quite similar. Moreover, the measured micro- and nanohardness as well as the Young's modulus of Ti–6wt % Fe alloy had similar values. It was shown that the microhardness of the studied samples increased with the iron content. The values of nanohardness and Young's modulus correlated well with the fractions of β- and ω-phases in the studied alloys.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of various patient-specific and bracket location-specific factors on bracket survival rates during comprehensive fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. A total of 197 patients (116 females, 81 males; mean age 16.3 years) having completed orthodontic treatment were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were treated using stainless steel non-self-ligating brackets, and the treatment duration was 23.7 months on average. The primary outcome was bracket bond failure. Potential predictors for bracket bond failure recorded included age, sex, oral hygiene, treatment duration, and several pre-treatment cephalometric characteristics such as overjet, overbite, and sagittal and vertical skeletal relationships. Factors associated with bracket failure were analysed with Cox regression, and proportional hazard assumptions were assessed using Kaplan–Meier tests. The overall failure rate was 4.4%. Bracket bond failure rates varied among tooth types and seemed to occur more on posterior teeth and on the right side of the arch. Bracket failure was more common in male patients and those with poor oral hygiene. Concerning dentofacial characteristics, bracket failure of anterior teeth was more common in those with an increased overjet and overbite.

Abstract Photon absorption is the first process in light harvesting. Upon absorption, the photon redistributes electrons in the materials