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Ammonium cations can improve the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells yet might pose an issue to the device stability. Wang et al. show that cations with a high acid dissociation afford improved operational stability at high temperatures owing to their resistance to deprotonation.

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Background and objectivesOral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a condition that affects the oral cavity and is characterized by the development of fibrous bands in the submucosal layers, leading to progressive difficulty in mouth opening and other symptoms. Inflammation and advancing fibrosis of the submucosal tissues are the hallmarks of this chronic, disabling illness of the oral cavity. The disorder is well known for having a propensity for cancer and is particularly linked to the habit of chewing tobacco and areca nuts.The study mentioned aims to compare the effectiveness of a novel herbal paste formulation containing turmeric, tulsi (holy basil), and honey in managing OSMF. The use of herbal remedies is common in traditional medicine, and turmeric and tulsi are known for their potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Honey, too, is believed to have some therapeutic benefits.MethodologyA study was conducted at MNR Dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India, in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology (OMR) on 80 oral submucous fibrosis patients to evaluate the efficacy of a novel herbal paste formulation of turmeric, tulsi, and honey, comprising 77 males and three females. Patients were given a novel herbal paste formulation consisting of 10 g of turmeric powder and 10 g of tulsi powder, mixed in 10 ml of honey, to study subjects, and a placebo consisting of anti-oxidants was administered to control subjects for three months. The subjective and objective symptoms were recorded and statistically analyzed.ResultsThe majority of the subjects were in the age group of 18-22 years, with an average age of 28.09+/-8.38 years with the most predominant habit of gutka chewing.A statistically significant change in the mouth opening, tongue protrusion, burning sensation, blanching of the mucous membrane, and reduction in palpable fibrous bands was found in the study subjects when compared to control subjects.ConclusionThe present study evaluated the efficacy of a novel herbal paste formulation of turmeric, tulsi, and honey in the management of OSMF.

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Background Multimorbidity, the concurrent presence of two or more chronic conditions is an emerging public health challenge. Till date, most of the research have focused on the presence and interaction of selected co-morbidities in tuberculosis (TB). There exist a critical knowledge gap on the magnitude of multimorbidity among TB patients and its impact on health outcomes.

Objective: This study aims to introduce and assess a novel AI-driven tool developed for the classification of orthodontic arch shapes into square, ovoid, and tapered categories. Methods: Between 2016 and 2019, we collected 450 digital dental models. Applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria, we refined our dataset to 50 models, ensuring a focused and detailed analysis. Plaster casts were digitized into 3D models with AutoScan-DS-EX. Three trained evaluators then measured mesiodistal and arch widths using MeshLab. The development of DentalArch was undertaken in two versions: the first version incorporates 18 input parameters, including mesiodistal widths (from the first molar to the first molar, totaling 14) and arch widths (1 intercanine, 2 interpremolar, and 1 intermolar, totaling 4); the second version uses only 4 parameters related to arch widths. Both versions aim to predict the arch shape. An evaluation of 28 machine learning methods through a k = 5-fold cross-validation was conducted to determine the most effective techniques. Results: In the tests, the performance evaluation of the DentalArch software in detecting arch shapes revealed that version 1, which analyzes 18 parameters, achieved an accuracy of 94.7% for the lower arch and 93% for the upper arch. The more streamlined version 2, which assesses only four parameters, also showed high precision with an accuracy of 93.0% for the lower arch and 92.7% for the upper arch. Conclusions: DentalArch provides a tool with potential use in orthodontic diagnostics, particularly in the task of arch shape classification. The software offers a less subjective and data-driven approach to arch shape determination. Moreover, the open-source nature of DentalArch ensures its global availability and encourages contributions from the orthodontic community.