Martin Morales

There’s quite the excitement surrounding the fourth-gen Taco and here's a comprehensive break-down of Toyota's all-new mid-size pickup truck

What does it mean to go Mach 1? For Ford, here's how it meant taking the Mustang to new heights and speeds to blow past its rivals!

From Dodge to Chevy, the EV age is on the horizon for American muscle. This begs the question of what else may we see come the future.

Ken Block is survived by his wife Lucy, and here’s what she’s doing to carry on his legacy in Motorsports and beyond.

With only two factory applications, it’s not every day you’ll see this monster mill garage hibernating, or hear it causing chaos on the blacktop!

This Ford demonstrator truck will have you rethinking the automotive future in regard to electric vehicle capability in our landscapes!

The Toyota Tacoma Trailhunter is an all-new truck, with all-new gear, to take you to all-new places! Pack up and get ready to explore!

Today, Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles are still relatively sparse, but that doesn’t mean the concept is new.

Like other models from Toyota, the 4Runner will be one of the more anticipated vehicles to hit the showroom floor, jump on the road, and enter trails.

The Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis process is projected to have a significant impact in the near future due to its potential for synthesizing sustainable fuels from biomass, carbon dioxide and organic wastes. In this catalytic process, catalyst activation plays a major role in the overall performance of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis. Catalyst activation temperatures are considerably higher than the typical operating conditions of industrial reactors. Consequently, ex situ activation is often required for industrial Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis processes. This study evaluated the influence of different activation approaches (in situ, ex situ, passivation and low-temperature activation). Catalytic experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at 230 °C and 20 bar·g using a reference supported Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Experimental results demonstrate that catalysts can be effectively reduced ex situ. This work reveals that re-activation of the catalyst after ex situ reduction is unnecessary, as the reaction conditions themselves re-reduce any superficial oxides formed, owing to the reducing nature of the reactant mixture. This approach could simplify reactor design by enabling temperature requirements to match operating conditions (e.g., 230 °C), thereby reducing both investment and operational costs and eliminating additional catalyst preparation steps.