Michael J.

The authors identify the genetic variants and genes associated with four fertility-related traits in a well-phenotyped cattle population.

Abstract Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) comprise a large family of pore-forming toxins produced by Gram-positive bacteria, which are used to attack eukaryotic cells.

Abstract Artificial Kitaev chains can be used to engineer Majorana bound states (MBSs) in superconductor–semiconductor hybrids . In this

Abstract Functionally relevant coronary artery disease (fCAD) can result in premature death or nonfatal acute myocardial infarction.

The fire service suffers from high rates of cardiovascular disease and poor overall health, and firefighters often suffer fatal and non-fatal injuries while on the job. Most fatal injuries result from sudden cardiac death, while non-fatal injuries are to the musculoskeletal system. Previous works suggest a mechanistic link between several health and performance variables and injury risk. In addition, studies have suggested physical activity and nutrition can improve overall health and occupational performance. This review offers practical applications for exercise via feasible training modalities as well as nutritional recommendations that can positively impact performance on the job. Time-efficient training modalities like high-intensity interval training and feasible modalities such as resistance training offer numerous benefits for firefighters. Also, modifying and supplementing the diet and can be advantageous for health and body composition in the fire service. Firefighters have various schedules, making it difficult for planned exercise and eating while on shift. The practical training and nutritional aspects discussed in this review can be implemented on-shift to improve the overall health and performance in firefighters.

Compound MMV006833 inhibits ring-stage development of Plasmodium falciparum. Here, the authors show that it targets lipid transfer enzyme PfSTART1 and prevents PfSTART1 from expanding the vacuole membrane encasing the parasite after red blood cell invasion, thereby blocking parasite growth.

Frontal plane ankle motion is important for balance in walking but is seldom controlled in robotic prostheses. This article describes the design, control and performance of a semi-active two-degree-of-freedom robotic prosthetic ankle. The mechanism uses a non-backdrivable wedge cam system based on rotating inclined planes, allowing actuation only during swing phases for low power, light weight and compactness. We present details of the mechanism and its kinematic and mechatronic control, and a benchtop investigation of the system's speed and accuracy in ankle angle control. The two-axis ankle achieves angular reorientation movements spanning ±10 deg in any direction in less than 0.9 s. It achieves a plantarflexion/dorsiflexion error of 0.35 ± 0.27 deg and an inversion/eversion error of 0.29 ± 0.25 deg. Backdriven motion during walking tests is negligible. Strengths of the design include self-locking behavior for low power and simple kinematic control. Two-axis ankle angle control could enable applications such as balance augmentation, turning assistance, and wearable perturbation training.

Abstract Freshwater aquaculture is an increasingly important source of blue foods but produces substantial methane and nitrous oxide emissions.

Abstract Continued spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) through wild cervid herds negatively impacts populations, erodes wildlife

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open Access Article by Andrew F. Poley