Paul Newman

The former Pittsburgh Penguins forward died during a game at 29. A year on, his death is still felt within the UK's hockey community

Abstract Deep convection associated with tropical cyclones leads to stratosphere‐troposphere exchange (STE), which affects the upper‐tropospheric ozone concentrations in the vicinity of the cyclones. This study estimates the ozone enhancements over India due to the North Indian Ocean (NIO) cyclones‐driven STE. Indicators such as stratospheric fraction and potential vorticity calculated using the reanalysis data sets suggest that roughly 70% of the cyclones show anomalously high stratospheric intrusions. Aircraft observations over different locations across India also show elevated ozone concentrations in the mid‐to‐upper troposphere on cyclone days. Further, ozone and stratospheric ozone tracer concentrations from Goddard Earth Observing System‐Chemistry simulations and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service reanalysis data sets show up to 40 ppb of excess upper tropospheric ozone over India, of which stratospheric ozone accounts for roughly 60%. Stratospheric intrusion due to the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea cyclones affected the upper tropospheric ozone amounts over North and South India, respectively. The stratospheric ozone was observed to propagate downwards into the troposphere, often reaching ∼600 hPa and, in some cases, even the surface.

The 2022 Hunga volcanic eruption injected a significant amount of water vapor and a moderate amount of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere causing observable responses in the climate system. We have developed a model-observation comparison project to investigate the evolution of volcanic water and aerosols, and their impacts on atmospheric dynamics, chemistry, and climate. The project goals are: 1. Validate the current chemistry-climate models to have more confidence in their performance; and 2. Understand atmospheric responses in the Earth system after this exceptional event and investigate the potential impact in the projected future. To achieve these goals, we designed specific experiments for direct comparisons to observations, for example from balloons and the Microwave Limb Sounder satellite instrument. Experiment 1 is a free-running ensemble experiment from 2022 to 2031. Experiment 2 is a nudged-run experiment from 2022 to 2023. To allow participation of more climate models with varying complexities of aerosol simulation, we include two sets of simulations in Experiment 2: Experiment 2a is designed for models with internally-generated aerosol while Experiment 2b is designed for models using prescribed aerosol surface area density. We take model results from the previously developed Tonga-MIP to fulfill Experiment 3, which focuses on the initial dispersion and microphysical evolution of aerosol and water plumes. Experiment 4 is designed to understand the climate impact on the mesosphere from 2022-2027, for which the experiment design is the same as Experiment 1 but for models that resolve the upper stratosphere and mesosphere

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The caste system has long been one of India’s most entrenched social challenges. At the

Franz von Holzhausen Paul Newman Rolex Daytona For a while now, I have been trying to get a close look at Tesla Lead Designer, Franz

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As Aussies flock to seafood stores around the country to prepare for a Christmas Day feast , we are being warned how to keep our ocean delicacies safe, and not risk the chance of succumbing to any holiday food poisoning.

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