Trevor J.

Trans Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,USA

Abstract This work investigates the viability of discerning the raster pattern of additively manufactured components using high frequency ultrasonic nondestructive testing.

An automated method for nondestructively characterizing the layer-by-layer raster orientation of additively manufactured components fabricated via the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process is presented, which utilizes full waveform capture of the ultrasonic signal paired with two-dimensional fast Fourier transform analysis. The proposed method extracts internal features of the fabricated component at various depths and then applies the two-dimensional Fourier transformation in the spatial domain to analyze the raster path and extract the orientation. Three material systems are studied: a standard polymer (Poly cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate glycol, PCTG), an engineered polymer (high-temperature nylon, HTN) and a carbon fiber-filled polymer (polyethylene terephthalate, PET-CF). Samples were fabricated using an industrial-grade FFF system and scanned using a high-resolution custom immersion ultrasonic platform. Studies were performed using both a 10 MHz and a 15 MHz spherically focused transducer, with the 10 MHz transducer yielding more accurate and more consistent results for the investigated material systems. The analyzed results show that the presented automated method can accurately identify the direction of the raster path with an error within 1°–2° in each of the first 9~10 deposited layers of the investigated PCTG and the PET-CF samples, and the first 14 layers of the HTN samples. This study provides an approach for the automated analysis of the internal features of FFF components using ultrasonic testing, which can further inform the quality control process, in turn increasing reliability and enabling acceptance of AM parts in various industries.

Interoceptive dysfunctions are increasingly implicated in a number of physical and mental health conditions. Accordingly, there is a pertinent need for therapeutic interventions which target interoceptive deficits. Heartrate and heartrate variability biofeedback therapy (HR(V)-BF), interventions which train individuals to regulate their cardiovascular signals and constrain these within optimal parameters through breathing, could enhance the functioning of interoceptive pathways via stimulation of the vagus nerve. Consequently, this narrative systematic review sought to synthesise the current state of the literature with regard to the potential of HR(V)-BF as an interoceptive intervention across behavioural, physiological and neural outcome measures related to interoception. In total, 77 papers were included in this review, with the majority using physiological outcome measures. Overall, findings were mixed with respect to improvements in the outcome measures after HR(V)-BF. However, trends suggested that effects on measures related to interoception were stronger when resonance frequency breathing and an intense treatment protocol were employed. Based on these findings, we propose a three-stage model by which HR(V)-BF may improve interoception which draws upon principles of interoceptive inference and predictive coding. Furthermore, we provide specific directions for future research, which will serve to advance the current knowledge state.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy

Laurentian Great Lakes fish diversification predates the Last Glacial Maximum and was likely driven by novel habitats and predator–prey dynamics.

Abstract Germline pathogenic TP53 variants predispose individuals to a high lifetime risk of developing multiple cancers and are the hallmark

Background/Objectives: This study examined the differences in participant force production and pain between a squat maximal voluntary isometric contraction (IMVIC) performed with either a waist belt (WB) or full-body harness (FBH) on the Desmotec D.EVO isoinertial device (D.EVO). Agreement between FBH IMVIC and a traditional force plate squat MVIC (TMVIC) was also assessed. Methods: Twenty adults completed FBH, WB, and TMVIC assessments on two separate occasions. Two-way treatment x time ANOVAs were conducted to compare force outputs and pain between treatments (FBH vs. WB) across time. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. Associations between outcomes were determined using Pearson's r. Standard error of estimate, constant error, total error, and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement between IMVIC and TMVIC. Results: FBH and WB IMVIC exhibited good to excellent reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.889–0.994) and strong associations (r = 0.813 and 0.821, respectively) when compared to TMVIC. However, agreement between FBH and TMVIC was poor. No significant interaction or main effects were observed for pain. FBH maximum isometric force (MIF) was significantly higher than WB MIF. WB IMVIC was the only significant predictor of TMVIC (R

The extrusion of large extracellular vesicles is an important mechanism that facilitates cell-to-cell communication and maintains homoeostasis. Here, Atkin-Smith et al. use intravital microscopy to directly visualize the formation of large extracellular vesicles in bone marrow.

Abstract Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling is essential for craniofacial development, though little is known about the mechanisms that govern BMP secretion.