OECD - OCDE

More than 25 years after becoming an original signatory to the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, Sweden's framework for corporate liability remains fundamentally non-compliant with the Convention's requirements, despite some legislative changes.

The OECD Working Group on Bribery decided at its December 2024 meeting to request Poland to urgently develop an action plan to address deficiencies in implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. According to the

This paper explores digital public infrastructure (DPI), defined as shared digital systems that are secure and interoperable and that can support the inclusive delivery of and access to public and private services across society. Governments play a pivotal role in designing, developing and managing DPI, as well as in leveraging DPI systems to increase efficiency and coherence in the implementation of digital government policies. Key components of DPI include digital identity, payments, data sharing, digital post, and core government data registries. Building robust DPI requires addressing governance challenges such as funding, public-private collaboration, and robust safeguards including for privacy and security. As DPI becomes a global priority, enhanced cross-border co-operation is also vital to address issues like resilience and to ensure effective DPI across diverse economic contexts.

This paper presents an empirical assessment of the accessibility and levels of ‘safety-net' benefits. Complementing existing studies, which often adopt an institutional focus or compare legal entitlement rules, it employs a people-centred perspective, using data on cash support that people receive in practice. The approach is illustrated by comparing minimum-income benefits (MIB) and other non-contributory transfers across 14 OECD countries in Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania. Accessibility differs widely across countries and family circumstances. When out of work and in the bottom income decile, more than 4 out of 5 single-person households reported receiving MIB in Australia, France, and the United Kingdom, compared to 1 in 3 in Italy. In some countries, even very low earnings made benefit receipt unlikely, weakening financial work incentives. Typical benefit payouts to low-income claimants amounted to 15% of median household incomes or less in Greece, Korea, and the United States, but exceeded 40% in Belgium and the United Kingdom. Support from non-contributory transfers varied across groups, with countries variously focusing support on people with health problems (Italy) or on families with children (Germany, Greece, United States).

Designing and implementing impactful education and skills policies is becoming increasingly challenging. Policymakers must navigate the consequences of the digital and green transitions, demographic pressures, and other global megatrends. Engaging with stakeholders enables policymakers to collect valuable insights on the real-world impacts of education and skills policies, and increase political legitimacy of ambitious reforms. However, there is a lack of practical, coherent overview of the range of potential engagement approaches and knowledge of existing practices across countries to learn from. This Working Paper aims to fill this gap by constructing a typology of stakeholder engagement approaches in education and skills policy. It also presents the results of a mapping exercise undertaken by the OECD, describing for the first time the range and key characteristics of stakeholder engagement bodies in education and skills policy in OECD member and accession countries, before outlining possible avenues for further research.

Today, unprecedented innovations have the potential to transform the global fight against corruption, inventing new ways to promote integrity and transparency.

Green budgeting can help governments ensure that their countries' medium-term budget frameworks and annual budgets align with their international climate-related commitments, such as net zero emissions commitments, as well as national plans and strategies. However, to do so, green budgeting needs to go beyond mere green tagging. This paper discusses new instruments to better link budgets and results, the challenges involved in linking budget and emissions, and the steps needed to overcome them. Finally, it presents the next generation of practices that are being developed in some OECD countries.

The Patient-Reported Indicator Surveys (PaRIS) flagship report presents the OECD's analysis of groundbreaking international initiative - PaRIS international survey of people living with chronic conditions. The flagship report reveals how people aged 45 years and older, living with chronic conditions experience healthcare and how this affects their lives. The report also provides valuable insights on how healthcare systems deliver primary care services for people, regardless of gender, level of income or education. The flagship report provides results across a range of variables from over 100 000 patients and 1 800 primary care practices across 19 countries.

Market participants and policy makers have shown strong interest in DLT-based financial applications such as tokenisation. However, despite growing enthusiasm by market participants and the emergence of a clearer divide between crypto-assets and regulated tokenised assets, adoption of tokenisation remains scarce. This report analyses possible reasons for the absence of a market for tokenised assets and puts forward policy considerations for financial supervisors and policy makers.

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