Arindam Mukherjee

As organisations cling to outdated practices, the quality of talent diminishes, thus making the “skills shortage” a self-fulfilling prophecy.

With record efficiencies and reduced costs, hybrid halide perovskite solar cells could revolutionize photovoltaics, provided that the crippling instability problem is resolved. To reveal the relationship between structural defects and instability, vacuum deposition emerges as a promising alternative to the prevalent solution method. In addition to responding to the major upscaling issue, the vacuum approach offers greater control over the film growth. Vacuum evaporation could also help elucidate the puzzle regarding the link between morphology and optoelectronic properties. Paradoxically, layers prepared in solution, polycrystalline by nature and containing numerous defects, have so far achieved better performances than layers prepared in a vacuum, although the latter show better crystalline quality. Here, we describe an original approach, setting the conditions for the best possible control of layer growth. Deposition is performed in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and the growth dynamics characterized in real-time by grazing incidence fast atom diffraction. Applied to the prototypical system CH3NH3PbI3 , we demonstrate that chemical reaction between the coevaporated precursors, CH3NH3I and PbI2 , cannot take place at room temperature. In sequential mode, pure PbI2 layers of high crystalline quality cannot be converted to CH3NH3PbI3 by subsequent evaporation of CH3NH3I. These findings raise fundamental questions regarding the role of contaminants from the residual gas when CH3NH3PbI3 layers are deposited in high vacuum conditions with unbaked vessels. These results, therefore, also question recent molecular dynamics models describing the reaction steps between PbI2 layers and CH3NH3 I molecules that intercalate in the van der Waals space of the inorganic network.

US President Joe Biden should choose a token response to the Tower-22 attack to placate the neocon members among his domestic backers and not indulge in something that spills this conflict out of control

As the enigmatic backing behind ISIS is scrutinized, a complex web of alliances including alleged support from US emerges raising questions about the group's rapid rise, fall and potential resurgence in the shifting landscape of global conflict

Share it A supremely talented sportsman trying to make it big while surviving the hardships of life.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the way people learn, work, and build careers.For students and young professionals, this shift

Share it The truth is, everyone is going to hurt you. You just got to find the ones worth suffering for. – Bob Marley

Hiring decisions have traditionally relied on degrees, resumes, and institutional reputation to evaluate candidates.

In my colony, when everyone is in a rush to leave for office in the morning, there is always a ruckus. The subject: Wrong car parking and blocking exit points…

An evolving method of hiring for labour in India is through a structural reform in the hiring landscape, with the gradual move towards skill and readiness for work as opposed to prior educational standards or qualifications.