Beth Sissons

Auditory processing disorder (APD) is when the brain cannot interpret sounds correctly. People may also refer to APD as central auditory processing disorder.

There are three types of bicuspid aortic valves — types 0, 1, and 2. Experts classify these types based on whether the leaflets of the valve have fused to form a ridge.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a compression of the median nerve in the wrist, which can cause pain to radiate to the elbow.

Recent research suggests vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) may reduce migraine intensity. VNS delivers mild electrical pulses to the brain through the vagus nerve and may be effective alone or alongside other treatments.

Progesterone cream is a topical hormone therapy containing bioidentical progesterone. Further research is necessary to determine the effectiveness and safety of progesterone cream for endometriosis.

Exposure to cigarette smoke, including passive smoke exposure in children, may contribute to or increase the risk of ear infections.

Endometriosis in the liver is one of the rarest types of endometriosis outside the pelvis. Treatment may include hormone therapy and surgery to remove the affected areas of the liver.

Chiropractic adjustment may help ease pain and improve function for conditions such as neck pain, lower back pain, and headache.

Chloasma is a form of hyperpigmentation that causes patches or spots on the skin — usually the face — that are darker than the surrounding skin.

A hysterectomy may help reduce endometriosis pain, but it is also a major surgery that comes with risks and side effects.