Jean Marie

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open Access Article by Jean Marie Vianney Nsabiyumva

Open Access Review by Edward Richardson Edward Richardson SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org

Background/Objectives: An influenza pandemic is likely to occur in the coming decades and will be associated with substantial healthcare and financial burdens. In this study, we evaluated the potential economic costs of different vaccination scenarios for the US population in the context of a moderate or severe influenza pandemic. Methods: Economic analysis was performed for initiation of pandemic vaccination from 3 months vs. 6 months in the US after declaration of a pandemic. We evaluated three vaccine effectiveness levels (high, moderate, low) and two pandemic severity levels (moderate and severe). Results: No vaccination would lead to total direct and indirect costs of $116 bn in a moderate pandemic and $823 bn in a severe pandemic. Initiation of vaccination at 3 months would result in cost savings versus no vaccination (excluding vaccine price) of $30–84 bn and $260–709 bn in a moderate and severe pandemic, respectively, whereas initiation of vaccination at 6 months would result in cost savings of $4–11 bn and $36–97 bn, respectively. Cost savings of $20 bn and $162 bn would occur in a moderate or severe pandemic, respectively, from use of a low effectiveness vaccine from 3 months instead of a high effectiveness vaccine from 6 months. Conclusions: Rapid initiation of vaccination would have a greater impact than increased vaccine effectiveness in reducing the economic impacts of an influenza pandemic.

This study aimed to perform the elemental characterization of soil samples for heavy metal pollution and geological provenance close to the uranium deposit. The investigated area is located in two localities, Awanda and Mvengue, in the Mvengue Subdivision, Ocean Division, South Region of Cameroon. The elemental composition of soil samples was determined using an XEPOS EDXRF (Energy Dispersion X-ray Fluorescence) spectrometer. The Spectro XRF Analyzer Pro software interface was used for spectral acquisition and quantification. Soil elemental characterization and differentiation revealed the mass fractions of major, minor, and trace elements. SiO2 (49.81%) and Al2O3 (42.18%) were the predominant elements in all the soil samples investigated. The correlation between K₂O and Al2O3 illustrates that the mass fraction of K-bearing minerals has a notable impact on the distribution of Al. Herron’s classification of the analyzed soil samples displayed two different categories. Shale represented 70% of the analyzed materials, and Arkose made up the remaining 30%. By comparing the results with the well-established diagram for tectonic discrimination of geological provenance, the origin of the studied samples was determined to comprehend ongoing processes within the study area. It was apparent that all examined soil samples represented residual material from the passive margin. The findings of this study suggested that the examined and surrounding regions were shaped by erosion and weathering processes rather than tectonic activity.

Despite guidelines for statin use to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) from the American College of Cardiology and American

Open Access Article by Roselande Jesuka Roselande Jesuka SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org

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