Michael J.

Considerations of Neandertal geographical variation have been hampered by the dearth of remains from Mediterranean Europe and the absence there of ...

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Commission redefined obesity by considering both anthropometric and direct measures of adiposity, in addition to body mass index (BMI), and distinguishing preclinical from clinical obesity based on physical function and related conditions. However, the frequency and determinants of progression from preclinical to clinical obesity have never been studied. We included participants with no obesity, preclinical obesity, or clinical obesity from the All of Us dataset. Obesity was defined as meeting at least two of the following four criteria: (1) BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², (2) waist circumference ≥88 cm for females or ≥102 cm for males, (3) waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) > 0.85 for females or >0.90 for males, and (4) waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) > 0.50, or BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2. Baseline preclinical or clinical obesity was determined based on self-reported physical function and obesity-related conditions. Transition from preclinical to clinical obesity was defined based on the new onset of related conditions over follow-up. We estimated cumulative transition incidences from preclinical to clinical obesity and evaluated risk factors for transition using time to transition and Cox models after multivariable adjustment. Among 319,815 participants, 28.9% had preclinical obesity and 40.0% had clinical obesity at baseline. Of the 92,396 individuals with preclinical obesity, 24,057 (26.0%) transitioned to clinical obesity over a median follow-up of 2.9 years. The cumulative incidence at 1, 3, and 5 years was 12.7%, 25.7%, and 34.3%, respectively. In the adjusted Cox model, older age, elevated hemoglobin A1C, higher BMI, higher WHR, higher WHtR, insurance coverage, and poorer self-reported overall health were strongly and independently associated with a greater likelihood of transition. Progression from preclinical to clinical obesity is relatively common. Given the different treatment considerations proposed for preclinical and clinical obesity under the Lancet framework, improved identification of individuals at higher risk of progression may be important for future implementation of this classification system.

Antibody-modified targeted lipid nanoparticles enable precise, durable genetic modification of human haematopoietic stem cells directly in the bone marrow.

The proportions of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in surface ocean particulate matter deviate greatly from the canonical Redfield Rat...

In this experimental and theoretical study, we investigate the slithering of snakes on flat surfaces. Previous studies of slithering have rested on...

LINGO1 is a transmembrane protein that is up-regulated in the cerebellum of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Essential Tremor (ET). Patie...

Background and ObjectivesIn Canadian pediatric neurology, there has historically been no standardized national progress examination aligned with the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) certification examination. The primary ...

Candida auris colonizes metabolically diverse host niches and modulates immunity to its advantage. This study shows that carbon source availability regulates C. auris adhesion and cell morphology, thereby controlling immune activation.

Retinal fundus images offer a non-invasive window into systemic aging. Here, we fine-tune a foundation model (RETFound) to predict chronological

The kinetics and thermodynamics of void formation are investigated in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries and found to be controlled by interfacial lithium concentration and diffusivity. Diffusivity can be increased using a grain-refining approach, by introducing a Mg–1 wt% La inoculant in the melt, enabling a critical current density of 2.2 mA cm−2 at 1.1 mAh cm−2.