Maria Cristina

Department of Health Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy IRCCS Synlab SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy

The Fuzzy Safety Model (FSM), developed amongst all to support UN Regulation No. 157 on Automated Lane Keeping Systems (ALKS), provided a novel methodology for distinguishing between avoidable and non-avoidable cases of certain test scenarios for Automated Vehicles (AVs). ALKSs, restricted to highway environments, must avoid any reasonably foreseeable and preventable accident. However, beyond this capability, the FSM may also be an optimal tool to classify the difficulty level of the same traffic scenarios. To validate the FSM's ability to classify preventable scenarios according to their difficulty level, a test campaign was conducted focusing on the critical “cut-in” scenario, where another vehicle changes lanes in front of the ALKS, requiring it to decelerate to avoid a collision. The study demonstrates the feasibility of the required tests and the FSM's effectiveness in categorising preventable cases by difficulty level. Results highlight the model's potential to plan, execute, and analyse cut-in scenarios beyond the scope of UN R157. This contribution supports the impartial assessment of AVs while addressing the challenge of representing diverse and challenging traffic conditions with a limited number of tests. The research results underscore the FSM's broader applicability for improving AV safety testing frameworks.

Although parents and teachers interact frequently at school, only a few studies have investigated which aspects of their relationship are perceived as supportive or challenging by teachers and whether teachers experience possible consequences of this relationship for their well-being at work. To fill this gap, the present study aimed to explore how teachers perceive the parent-teacher relationship in contemporary times and to investigate whether they experience potential consequences on their well-being. To do so, we conducted an interview-based study with 23 Italian primary, middle, and secondary school teachers. Data was analysed through reflexive thematic analysis. Results showed that although teachers often establish cooperative relationships with parents based on trust and mutual respect, such cooperation is not always achieved. In these cases, parents are perceived as either uninvolved or overinvolved, and teachers acknowledge that managing challenging relationships may have implications for their well-being and behaviours. Additionally, teachers identified broader societal factors that contribute to the transformation of the parent-teacher relationship in current times. Overall, our results contribute to the literature by providing a complex and wide overview of teachers’ perceptions of parents and parent-teacher relationships, including a focus on teachers’ well-being.

Systemic thrombolysis is recommended for high-risk PE and select intermediate-risk patients. We assessed the robustness of RCT evidence comparing systemic thrombolytic therapy with standard anticoagulation. We systematically reviewed RCTs of intravenously administered alteplase or tenecteplase versus heparin. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality; secondary endpoints included recurrent PE, clinical deterioration in intermediate-risk patients, and major bleeding. Fragility index (FI) or reverse FI (RFI) and fragility quotient (FQ) or reverse FQ (RFQ) were calculated to assess outcome stability. Absolute and relative risk reductions, number needed to treat (NNT), and number needed to harm (NNH) were also derived. Nine RCTs enrolling 1,682 patients met inclusion criteria. Overall, systemic thrombolysis was associated with a nonsignificant reduction in mortality (1.7% vs. 3.8%; RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.39–1.38; p = 0.33) with moderate robustness (RFI = 8; RFQ = 0.004; NNT 91; RRR 27%; ARR 2.1%). Mortality was highly fragile in high-risk PE (RFI = 0) and fragile in intermediate-risk patients (RFI = 4). Systemic thrombolysis moderately reduced recurrent PE (RR 0.42; 95% CI 0.18–0.97; FI = 5; RFQ = 0.002) and prevented clinical deterioration in intermediate-risk patients (RR 0.31; 95% CI 0.15–0.65; FI = 8; RFQ = 0.006; NNT 29; RRR 71%; ARR 3.5%). Major bleeding was robustly increased (FI = 30; RFQ = 0.001; NNH 17), mainly driven by tenecteplase (FI = 9; RFQ = 0.007; NNH 11), whereas alteplase showed no significant increase (RFI = 3). Mortality benefit of systemic thrombolysis is fragile, while major bleeding risk is robust, underscoring the limitations of current guidelines and the need for adequately powered RCTs to inform individualized treatment in high- and intermediate-risk PE. Graphical Abstract Robustness and benefit–risk profile of systemic fibrinolysis in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Randomized phase 3–4 placebo-controlled trials identified through MEDLINE, Scopus, and EMBASE (up to September 2025) were analyzed to assess the robustness of evidence for systemic fibrinolysis in acute PE. Left panel: fragility assessment of key outcomes (all-cause mortality, recurrent PE, clinical deterioration in intermediate–high-risk PE, and major bleeding), stratified by risk category and fibrinolytic agent (alteplase, tenecteplase), with results classified as fragile, intermediate, or robust. Right panel: benefit–risk plot comparing efficacy (number needed to treat to prevent one death; x-axis) and safety (number needed to harm for major bleeding; y-axis) for alteplase, tenecteplase, and overall fibrinolysis.

Abstract Background The post-2000 period in South America presents a striking divergence in malaria epidemiology: Ecuador achieved a >

Corn stunt complex disease (CSCD) poses a severe threat to maize production in Brazil, with persistent outbreaks and substantial crop losses. This disease complex involves two bacterial pathogens, the maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (“Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris”) and Spiroplasma kunkelii, both transmitted by the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Studies to assess the epidemic dynamics of CSCD are scarce. This study aimed to comprehensively assess disease incidence and progression in experimental fields in Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Symptom assessments were done on 2,860 and 6,336 maize plants in the 2018/19 and 2019/20 seasons, respectively, with binary data recorded for the presence (1) or absence (0) of symptoms during crop development. The observed CSCD incidence was 7.62% and 4.58% for the each season, respectively. Goodness-of-fit comparison indicated that the 2018/19 data confirmed to a binomial distribution, consistent with a random spatial pattern, while the 2019/20 data were better described by a beta-binomial distribution, indicating aggregation (clustered distribution) among infected plants. This shift from a random to an aggregated pattern highlights the progression from widespread primary vector-borne inoculation to localized secondary disease spread within the field. Semivariogram analysis confirmed the uniform distribution of diseased plants across the study fields. Geostatistical examination of the field scale spatial distribution of diseased plants unveiled low spatial dependence, with an index of aggregation around 1 and an intracluster correlation coefficient of ≤ 0.03. Although visual assessments were conducted at the late vegetative stage (63–81 days after sowing), the long incubation period of the pathogens indicates that primary infections likely occurred early in the crop cycle, at the V1–V3 stages. The absence of pronounced spatial clustering emphasizes the critical significance of a widespread distribution throughout the field, highlighting the imminent risk of rapid plant infestation and underscoring the necessity for early-season control measures to prevent potential extensive damage.

by and Odonto-Stomatology Department, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain Faculty of Health Sciences, Wrocław Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland

Cardiology Unit, Villa Verde Clinic, 74121 Taranto, Italy Cardiology Unit, Mater Dei Hospital, 70125 Bari, Italy

Computed tomography (CT) enables accurate assessment of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue; however, population-specific reference values remain limited.