Pawan Kumar

Abstract The distribution of hypoxia within tissues plays a critical role in tumor diagnosis and prognosis.

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IntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal disorder characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, ovarian cysts, and elevated androgen levels. The potential association between trace elements, specifically copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), and PCOS has been explored, but a definitive relationship remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the levels of these trace elements in women with PCOS and their potential implications.MethodsThe study, conducted at Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, involved 60 individuals with PCOS and a matched control group. Ethical approval was obtained, and participants provided written informed consent. The study spanned from July 2021 to June 2022, utilizing a hospital-based case-control study design. Diagnostic criteria adhered to the Rotterdam criteria, and serum copper and zinc levels were quantified using a double-beam UV spectrophotometer.ResultsIn the PCOS group, the mean age was 23.01 ± 3.60 years, while the control group had a mean age of 23.34 ± 3.59 years, with no significant age difference. Mean copper levels were 147.32 ± 16.53 μg/dl in PCOS and 106.88 ± 15.60 μg/dl in controls, indicating a significant increase in PCOS (p < 0.0001). Mean zinc levels were 93.99 ± 6.76 μg/dl in PCOS and 85.42 ± 12.69 μg/dl in controls, also significantly higher in PCOS (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe study highlights significant differences in serum copper and zinc levels between women with PCOS and healthy controls, suggesting potential implications for the syndrome's pathophysiology. Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise roles of these trace elements in PCOS and explore therapeutic interventions.

Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea

| April 5, 2024 | | By Pawan Kumar In the tumultuous landscape of Mauritian politics, recent events have thrown the Labour Party-MMM-PMSD alliance into a mini-crisis.

The process of estimating sediment load has been a daunting issue in hydraulics and the water resource field. Several methods exist for predicting the sediment load in a catchment or river, but the majority of these methods are empirical and depend on the specific location where they are used. Understanding the underlying mechanism of sediment generation and its transport in connection with precipitation, topography, and subsurface conditions to characterize its process is helpful for determining the sediment load in a river. For this purpose, we analyzed the daily suspended sediment data measured for 8 years at the headworks of the Kabeli A hydropower project in the Kabeli River, which originates from the Himalayan region. The analyses show that the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) varies in an orderly manner over time and asynchronously between seasons with respect to the river discharge. Clockwise hysteresis is observed in the yearly plots between the SSC and river discharge. The hysteresis becomes narrower when compared with the direct runoff obtained from a digital filtering algorithm and, even more so with the direct runoff from the hydrological model SWAT. The analysis shows that the sediment concentration is controlled not only by the total discharge in the river but also by the contribution of ground water to the river discharge, indicating that the total discharge alone cannot reflect the seasonal variation in SSC. It is inferred that the river is supply-limited and the hillslope is transport-limited with respect to sediment sources. The SWAT model suggests that the base flow contribution to the total river discharge is 78%. Here, we present a method for constructing the suspended sediment rating curve by comparing the direct runoff with the sediment concentration. The deduced sediment rating curve captures 84.51% of the total sediment load over the study period in the Kabeli River. This method may potentially be used in similar catchments with supply-limited rivers and transport-limited hillslopes.

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