Anne Marie

Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Hugo Moser Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA

Background: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is required by people with intestinal failure and can be delivered as multi-chambered bags (MCBs) or individually compounded (COM) bags. This systematic review aimed to examine the evidence base for clinical outcomes and/or quality of life (QoL) in adults receiving PN as MCBs compared to COMs in hospital and community settings. Methods: A systematic database search was conducted between January 2015 and May 2024. Studies assessing adults in receipt of MCBs were included. Quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs appraisal tools. A narrative synthesis was performed due to study heterogeneity. PROSPERO: CRD42022352806. Results: Ten studies including 87,727 adults were included, with 20,192 receiving PN from MCBs and 67,535 from COMs. Eight studies reported on PN given in hospital and two in the home. Five hospital-based and one home-based study reported that MCBs were well tolerated and provided adequate nutrition. Three hospital-based studies reported that MCBs had lower post-operative infections and a lower mean risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). Two home-based studies reported no difference in CRBSI. Five hospital-based studies reported no difference between groups in length of hospital stay. Three hospital-based studies reported the cost to be lower for MCBs than COMs, and no studies reported QoL. Conclusions: The studies included show that MCBs provided in hospital are safe and non-inferior to COMs and may be more cost-effective. There were few high-quality studies and no data on QoL; therefore, further work is required to improve the certainty of the evidence and to establish the level of QoL when using MCBs.

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Chronic stress is a key factor in the development of depression. It leads to hyperactivation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which in turn increases the formation of glucocorticoids (GCs). Chronically elevated GC levels disrupt neuroplasticity and affect brain lipid metabolism, which may, ultimately, contribute to the development of depression. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the antidepressants St. John’s Wort extract and escitalopram on lipid metabolism in vivo. Therefore, repeated corticosterone injections were used to induce depression-like behavior in rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were stressed with corticosterone injections (40 mg/kg, s.c.) over 22 consecutive days and were concomitantly treated with varying doses of the St. John’s wort extract Ze 117 (30, 90 or 180 mg/kg, p.o.) or escitalopram (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and behavioral changes were evaluated using a modified forced swim test. The results indicate that repeated corticosterone injections significantly decreased the latency to first immobility. Furthermore, co-treatment of corticosterone with Ze 117 increased latency to first immobility significantly compared to rats treated with corticosterone alone. To further investigate the biochemical effects of corticosterone-induced stress, as well as the possible counter-regulation by antidepressants, the lipidomes of the plasma and hippocampus samples were analyzed by shotgun mass spectrometry. Corticosterone-induced stress significantly altered key lipid metabolites in the plasma but not in the hippocampal samples. In the hippocampus, however, specific glycerophospholipids such as lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs) increased with escitalopram treatment and with Ze 117, both showing significant correlations with behavioral parameters. In summary, our study shows significant behavioral- and lipidome-altering processes with Ze 117 and escitalopram in rat plasma and hippocampal samples, thereby providing new targets and biomarker ideas for clinical diagnosis and antidepressant intervention.

Background/Objectives: Narcolepsy is a chronic neurologic disorder associated with substantial challenges that affect the social, emotional, and financial quality-of-life domains. A social listening analysis and structured survey were conducted to better understand the candid perspective of people with narcolepsy (PWN) and their experience with twice-nightly sodium oxybate (SXB). Methods: To characterize conversations and experiences in narcolepsy communities where SXB was mentioned, a social media analysis was conducted from August 2011 to October 2022. A structured survey was administered to PWN taking oxybate therapy from October 2022 to November 2022. Results: From the social media analysis, the largest topic was related to “cataplexy”, with 537 posts/comments. The most frequent term was “xyrem”, with 22,200 mentions. Of the 87 survey respondents, 85 respondents had narcolepsy, 75.3% (64/85) reported missing their second dose of immediate-release SXB or mixed-salt oxybates, and 58.8% (50/85) of respondents reported that they took their second dose of oxybate > 4 h after the first dose. Respondents reported poor sleep quality as the greatest effect or issue experienced after missing their second oxybate dose. When respondents were asked whether they had ever been injured after waking to take their second oxybate dose, 31.8% (27/85) of respondents reported an injury. Conclusions: PWN taking twice-nightly oxybates often report inconsistent adherence to the prescribed dosing, which results in negative consequences in their lives. This research provided an anonymized forum for PWN to voice challenges with middle-of-the-night awakenings that they may be reluctant to explain to their clinician.

Background Rotavirus vaccines are moderately protective against illness in high mortality settings compared with low mortality settings.

Reuth Tel Aviv Rehabilitation Hospital, Tel Aviv 6772830, Israel

RNA viromes from honey bee adult bees and associated varroa mites from 11 major US beekeeping hubs in 2021 revealed a new viral landscape based on protein sequence similarity networks and recombinant genome identification.

Abstract Aligned with the mission of the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) to promote the implementation of pharmacogenetics (PGx), this

Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands