John C.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a challenging medical issue that requires efficacious treatment options to improve long-term quality of life. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a cannabis-derived phytocannabinoid with potential health benefits, including reports from our laboratory and others showing a therapeutic role in the pre-clinical treatment of AD; however, the mechanisms whereby CBD affects AD progression remain undefined. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently discovered immune cells that initiate and orchestrate inflammatory responses. ILC2, a sub-class of ILCs, is proposed to have a role in cognitive function via unknown mechanisms. In this present study, we explored whether CBD ameliorates AD symptoms via the enhancement of acetylcholine (ACh), a cholinergic neurotransmitter involved in cognition that may regulate ILC2. 5xFAD mice were chronically treated by inhalation of a formulation of broad-spectrum CBD for seven months. ACh production, ILC2s profile, brain histopathology, and long-term behavior were assessed. Together, our studies showed that long-term inhalation of CBD improved cognitive function and reduced senile plaques in a murine AD model, effects that were associated with enhanced ACh production and altered ILC2s distribution within the CNS. These findings indicate that inhaled CBD could offer a cost-effective, non-invasive, and effective treatment for managing AD. The beneficial effects of CBD inhalation may be linked to increased ACh production and an altered distribution of ILC2s, highlighting the need for further research in this area.

Whilst in attendance at the BFI London Film Festival, the directors of Super/Man: The Christopher Reeve Story, Ian Bonhôte and Peter Ettedgui, were kind enough to speak with me along with some fellow writers and critics at a roundtable interview. Below are the contents of that insightful and wide-ranging discussion.

Melanoma remains a formidable challenge in oncology, causing the majority of skin cancer deaths in the United States, with brain metastases contributing substantially to this mortality. This paper reviews the current therapeutic strategies for melanoma brain metastases, with a focus on delayed and concurrent stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). While surgery and traditional chemotherapy offer limited efficacy, recent advances in immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have played a major role in the advancement and improved efficacy of the treatment of cancers, including brain metastases. Recent studies indicate that monotherapy with ICIs may lead to a higher median overall survival compared to historical benchmarks, potentially allowing patients to delay radiosurgery. Other studies have found that combining SRS with ICIs demonstrates promise, with results indicating improved intracranial control. Ongoing clinical trials explore novel combinations of immunotherapies and radiotherapies, aiming to optimize treatment outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. As treatment options expand, future studies will be necessary to understand the interplay between therapies and their optimal sequencing to improve patient outcomes.

The integration of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with disease genome-wide association studies (GWASs) has proven successful in prioritizing candidate genes at disease-associated loci. QTL mapping has been focused on multi-tissue expression QTLs or plasma protein QTLs (pQTLs). We generated a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pQTL atlas by measuring 6,361 proteins in 3,506 samples. We identified 3,885 associations for 1,883 proteins, including 2,885 new pQTLs, demonstrating unique genetic regulation in CSF. We identified CSF-enriched pleiotropic regions on chromosome (chr)3q28 near

Abstract Alterations in subcortical brain regions are linked to motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, associations

Abstract Background Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality have been associated with obesity.

Abstract Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are macromolecular assemblies that deliver toxic effector proteins between adjacent bacteria.

D'Arrigo California, 21777 Harris Rd, Salinas, CA 93908, USA Hillsboro Innovative Therapies (HIT), Genentech, Hillsboro, OR 97124, USA

Response strategies to acute and chronic environmental stress in Arctic-breeding Lapland longspurs highlight key adaptive changes, including activation of the HPA axis, regulation of energy, and reproductive functions.

Vapour trails (contrails) from aircraft make a substantial contribution to aviation’s climate impact. Here we execute a per-flight contrail avoidance feasibility test through altitude adjustments based on contrail formation predictions. The avoidance regime resulted in a 64% reduction in satellite-visible contrails at a 2% increase in fuel burn per adjusted flight.