Jose Antonio

Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease characterized by arthritis and structural damage of joints associated with persistent inflammation. Radiographic progression (RP) is typically used to measure the development of structural damage using different semiquantitative scoring methods. An important therapeutic goal is to prevent structural damage. Visualizing such damage using RP seems to predict shorter survival in patients with PsA. Therapeutic agents that inhibit structural damage are considered disease-modifying in PsA. There are no validated and clinically useful biomarkers for stratifying patients and informing clinical treatment decisions to increase the likelihood of a response to any given therapy. This narrative review examines current approaches for assessing the extent of structural damage in PsA, monitoring of PsA disease activity, risk factors that contribute to the progression of RP in PsA, and discusses the efficacy (inhibition of RP) of the new approved therapies that have emerged over the last few years for use in PsA. While there are unmet needs to clarify and define RP, the extent of structural damage in the peripheral forms of PsA was most frequently determined using the PsA-modified Sharp and Sharp-van der Heijde Rheumatoid Arthritis scoring methods. Factors that lead to a more aggressive, faster, or more active RP are also related to the number of activity indicators (overweight, smoking, etc.). In patients with high psoriatic activity and thus greater disease progression, determining structural damage at 6 months of follow-up may be sufficiently sensitive to obtain RP information and evaluate the evolution of the disease.

We investigated the leaf-associated fungal communities of Cenchrus setaceus across a host condition gradient (high- vs. low-condition plants) and environmental zones (coast vs. hill; trade-wind exposure) on Tenerife (TF) and La Palma (LP). We hypothesized that community assembly reflects both host-driven deterministic filtering and abiotic promotion of richness in favourable environments via two mechanisms: (i) high-condition plants promote stable, guild-structured communities; (ii) humid, topographically buffered zones enhance fungal richness, especially for endophytes and saprotrophs. Nanopore sequencing and functional guild annotation revealed island- and zone-specific fungal assemblages. In TF, low-condition plants were associated with genera linked to stressed or exposed conditions whereas high-condition plants, especially in humid northern hills, supported more recurrent yeast-like and niche-associated taxa. In LP, high-condition plants in eastern hill zones were associated with distinct taxa, while drier western coastal low-condition plants were enriched in stress-related fungi. Fungal genera richness (Hill0) was consistently higher in low-condition plants (TF: 146 vs. 95; LP: 94 vs. 76; p < 0.05), while Shannon diversity diverged: greater in high-condition plants on LP (3.29 vs. 2.98), but lower on TF (3.10 vs. 3.28; p < 0.05). Community structure was shaped primarily by host condition in TF (PERMANOVA R² = 8.6%, p < 0.05), and by zone in LP (R² = 15.0%, p < 0.05). On TF, low-condition plants hosted significantly higher richness of saprotrophic, endophytic and plant-pathogenic genera (all p ≤ 0.001), whereas in LP zone × condition effects shaped guild richness patterns, with saprotroph richness increasing 2.66-fold in high condition plants from eastern hills relative to the eastern coast. Overall, high-condition plants supported less diverse but compositionally more stable fungal communities, while favourable environments enhanced guild richness independently of host condition.

Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Electrónica, Universidad Nacional Tecnológica de Lima Sur, Lima 15834, Peru

by and Spectroscopy@IKU, IKU-SPECTRA Molecular Sciences and Spectroscopy Applied Research Center, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, Bakirkoy, Istanbul 34156, Türkiye

Laboratorio de microRNAs y Cáncer, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Av. Preparatoria S/N, Zacatecas 98068, Mexico

by and Department of Dentistry, UIC Barcelona International University of Catalonia, 08195 Barcelona, Spain

by and Internal Medicine Department, San Juan de Alicante University Clinical Hospital, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain

To better understand genome function and evolution in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the genomes of 100 epidemiologically well characterized clinical ...