Jose Manuel

The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) is estimated to increase Austria’s GDP by EUR 9.3 billion, more than double the size of its national funding allocation. This means that almost 60% of the RRF’s added value to Austria is generated by investments made in other Member States, through so-called spillover effects. These amounts only factor in the impact of RRF investments. The impact of RRF reforms – more difficult to assess at this point - comes on top. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the economic impact of the RRF in Austria. It also includes a case study that shows how RRF-supported reforms and investments contribute to the advancement of EU and national decarbonisation objectives. To assess the economic impact of the RRF, it distinguishes between direct impacts that arise from increased domestic spending and spillover effects that are generated by RRF investments abroad. This paper finds that thanks to its deep integration in the single market and strong innovation performance, Austria is among the main beneficiaries of RRF spillovers in the EU. In particular, Austria’s manufacturing and wholesale trade sectors receive a significant boost from the increased spending of other Member States. These findings further underline the added value of a coordinated, EU-wide investment programme and show that the impact of the RRF is far greater than the sum of all national investment plans.

Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) plays a crucial role in the proliferation and differentiation of the monocyte-macrophage lineage across vertebrates. In this study, we identified and characterized two CSF1 paralogues and their corresponding receptor genes in the intestine of the goldfish (Carassius auratus), showing sequence homology with known teleost species. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the presence of CSF, its receptor CSF-R1, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in intestinal macrophages. These macrophages were localized within mucosal, submucosal, and muscularis layers, suggesting distinct functional subtypes. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed differential gene expression patterns, with csf1a, csf1b, and csf1ra highly expressed in the brain, while csf1rb transcripts were predominant in the intestine. Immunophenotypic characterization using CD14 and CD86 markers further demonstrated macrophage heterogeneity. Additionally, BMP2-expressing macrophages were observed in the muscularis externa, implying a potential role in neuromuscular regulation. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular and immunohistochemical profiles of goldfish intestinal macrophages, highlighting their potential role in immune responses and gut homeostasis.

Background: Guselkumab, a selective anti-IL-23p19 monoclonal antibody, has shown high efficacy in randomized trials for moderate-to-severe psoriasis and active psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Real-world evidence is essential to assess treatment performance in broader and more heterogeneous patient populations. Objectives: To synthesize the available real-world evidence on the effectiveness and safety of guselkumab in psoriasis and PsA, and to quantify pooled clinical responses across clinically relevant follow-up windows. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA 2020. PubMed/MEDLINE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science were searched for observational real-world studies of guselkumab in adults with psoriasis and/or PsA. Primary pooled outcomes were PASI 90 and PASI 100 in psoriasis and DAPSA < 14 in PsA. Random-effects meta-analysis of proportions was performed using a logit transformation. Cohort overlap was explicitly assessed and overlapping publications were not allowed to contribute concurrently to the same pooled estimate. Results: Thirty-four studies were included (29 psoriasis, 5 PsA). In psoriasis, pooled PASI 90 response rates were 50.8% (95% CI 46.8–54.8) at 12–16 weeks, 68.4% (95% CI 66.3–70.4) at 20–28 weeks, 71.2% (95% CI 64.9–76.8) at 36–60 weeks, and 77.1% (95% CI 74.9–79.3) at ≥96 weeks. Pooled PASI 100 response rates were 49.8% (95% CI 47.5–52.2) at 20–28 weeks and 49.7% (95% CI 47.1–52.3) at 36–60 weeks. In PsA, pooled DAPSA < 14 response rates were 56.9% (95% CI 23.0–85.3) at 20–28 weeks and 69.5% (95% CI 62.5–75.7) at 48–60 weeks. Safety reporting was heterogeneous, but serious adverse events and discontinuations due to adverse events were uncommon. Conclusions: Real-world evidence supports guselkumab as an effective treatment for psoriasis and a clinically useful option for PsA, with a safety profile broadly consistent with the known trial experience. Interpretation remains limited by observational designs, heterogeneous denominators, and inconsistent safety reporting.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal

by and Department of Agronomy, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain

Digital RRF investments generate substantial economic effects across the EU, with an aggregate multiplier significantly higher than for the total RRF. All Member States benefit, with estimated economic impacts exceeding initial allocations in most cases. Digital investments generate significant cross-border spillovers, highlighting the role of the Single Market. Benefits spread across many industries, including sectors that did not directly receive RRF funding. The largest gains are concentrated in manufacturing and ICT services.

Abstract Introduction Candidozyma auris (formerly Candida auris ) is an emerging yeast that causes bloodstream infections, especially

Background VEXAS syndrome is a severe autoinflammatory disease characterized by systemic inflammation, rheumatic manifestations, and hematologic abnormalities. Its clinical heterogeneity and overlap with other conditions complicate diagnosis. No case series have been reported from China. This study aimed to (1) describe the clinical features of Chinese patients with VEXAS syndrome and (2) propose screening recommendations to facilitate earlier identification. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, enrolling 57 male patients with unexplained systemic inflammation and hematologic abnormalities. UBA1 gene sequencing was performed using bone marrow or peripheral blood samples. Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from electronic medical records. A screening model was developed using LASSO regression based on core features of confirmed cases and externally validated in two independent cohorts undergoing UBA1 sequencing. Results Among 57 suspected cases, 21 carried pathogenic UBA1 variants. Compared with non-VEXAS patients, VEXAS patients more frequently showed older age at onset, skin lesions, chondritis, macrocytic anemia, and characteristic bone marrow vacuolization. Importantly, skin lesions were the initial presenting symptom in over half of VEXAS patients, whereas fever predominated in the non-VEXAS group. Rare manifestations included glomerulonephritis, acute cerebral infarction, and pulmonary arterial involvement. A novel UBA1 variant (p.Thr318Met) was also identified. A screening model incorporating age at onset, skin lesions, chondritis, macrocytic anemia, and bone marrow vacuoles demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity in an external validation cohort. Conclusion This study is the first to characterize the clinical features of VEXAS syndrome in a Chinese population and to delineate its phenotypic spectrum. The proposed screening tool provides a practical aid for clinicians in identifying suspected cases and may facilitate improved diagnostic pathways and patient outcomes.

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After treatment failure in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), choosing the next therapy involves more than simply cycling within a drug class or switching to another.