Tim Van

Metaproteomics is an emerging approach for studying microbiomes, offering the ability to characterize proteins that underpin microbial functionality within diverse ecosystems. As the primary catalytic and structural components of microbiomes, proteins provide unique insights into the active processes and ecological roles of microbial communities. By integrating metaproteomics with other omics disciplines, researchers can gain a comprehensive understanding of microbial ecology, interactions, and functional dynamics. This review, developed by the Metaproteomics Initiative ( www.metaproteomics.org ), serves as a practical guide for both microbiome and proteomics researchers, presenting key principles, state‐of‐the‐art methodologies, and analytical workflows essential to metaproteomics. Topics covered include experimental design, sample preparation, mass spectrometry techniques, data analysis strategies, and statistical approaches.

One Health seeks to integrate and balance the health of humans, animals, and environmental systems, which are intricately linked through microbiomes. These microbial communities exchange microbes and genes, influencing not only human and animal health but also key environmental, agricultural, and biotechnological processes. Preventing the emergence of pathogens as well as monitoring and controlling the composition of microbiomes through microbial effectors including virulence factors, toxins, antibiotics, non-ribosomal peptides, and viruses holds transformative potential. However, the mechanisms by which these microbial effectors shape microbiomes and their broader functional consequences for host and ecosystem health remain poorly understood. Metaproteomics offers a novel methodological framework as it provides insights into microbial dynamics by quantifying microbial biomass composition, metabolic functions, and detecting effectors like viruses, antimicrobial resistance proteins, and non-ribosomal peptides. Here, we highlight the potential of metaproteomics in elucidating microbial effectors and their impact on microbiomes and discuss their potential for modulating microbiomes to foster desired functions.

The international floriculture industry has gathered in Vijfhuizen, the Netherlands, today for the IFTF. Over the next three days, the focus will be on the latest flowers, technologies, and services. Nearly 300 exhibitors are present.

Highlights What are the main findings? Deep learning techniques are applied for automatic kurgan identification.

Abstract Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated breathing disruptions during sleep.

Abstract: Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) is a widely used mechanism for controlling diffusion-based generative models, yet its guidance scale is

In this paper, a flexible steady-state model of a highly integrated, natural convection-driven condensing methanol reactor was developed. The flowsheet model includes 1D submodels of the different sections of the integrated reactor–condenser and includes a method to estimate the maximum possible natural convection-driven flow. Experimental data are used to create a shortcut description for the heat transfer coefficients in the model. The model results indicate that when heat losses can be mitigated, autothermal operation is possible. The major part of the heat integration takes place in the economizer section; however, a significant amount of heat transfer occurs at the catalyst bed also. The model predicts that the loop mass flow and single-pass conversion strongly depend on the catalyst bed inlet temperature. Experimentally measured catalyst preheater and condenser duties suggest, however, that the model-calculated mass flow is likely too low and that it is less dependent on the catalyst bed inlet temperature than the model predicts. A possible cause for this is the neglect of radial temperature gradients in the catalyst bed in the model, overestimating the conversion. Another possible cause is a measurement error in the bed inlet temperature, causing the actual temperature to be lower than the measured value. Natural convection calculations show that the maximum achievable flow strongly depends on the single-pass conversion and that given a single-pass conversion, a minimum temperature difference is required for flow in the right direction. Sensitivity analyses (neglecting heat losses to the environment) show that with the current heat transfer description, the feasible operating range for autothermal, natural convection-driven flow is sizeable. However, at lower recycle mass flows, heat transfer is too fast, leading to premature condensation in the economizer section. If the heat transfer coefficient is smaller than the currently predicted value, autothermal operation is possible in a wide range of conditions. If heat losses are mitigated, the maximum productivity of 2000 kgMeOHmcat.−3h−1 is achievable at high pressure, a moderate catalyst bed inlet temperature and a low condenser temperature.

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A contemporary home for interior design enthusiasts is infused with light, space, and openness. The design is modern, where functionality goes hand in hand with aesthetics.