De Souza

Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Typesetting math: 100% Grupo de Química de Materiais Avançados (GQMat), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade

Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Imunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil

Our understanding of spatiotemporal variability in reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and its long-term trends is of paramount importance for water cycle studies, modeling, and water resource management, especially in the context of climate change. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to critically evaluate the performance of various CMIP5 global climate models in simulating the Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration and its associated climate variables (maximum and minimum air temperature, incident solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed). This evaluation is based on data from nine climate models and 33 automatic meteorological stations (AWSs) in the state of Mato Grosso, spanning the period 2007–2020, within the areas of the biomes Amazon and Cerrado and around the Pantanal biome. The statistical metrics used for evaluation include bias, root mean square error, and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. The projections of the most accurate model were then used to analyze the spatial and temporal changes and trends in ETo under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) of 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 scenarios from 2007 to 2100. The HadGEM2-ES model projections indicate static averages similar to current conditions until the end of the century in the RCP 2.6 scenario. However, in the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, there is a continuous increase in ETo, with the most significant increase occurring during the dry period (May to September). The areas of the Amazon biome in the north of Mato Grosso exhibit the largest increases in ETo when comparing the observed (2007–2020) and projected (2020–2100) averages. The trend analysis reveals significant changes in ETo and its variables across the state of Mato Grosso in the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. In the RCP 2.6 scenario, significant trends in ETo are observed only in the northern Amazon areas. Despite not being observed in all AWSs, the trend analysis of the observed data demonstrates more intense changes in ETo and the existence of the evapotranspiration paradox, with an increase in the Cerrado areas and reductions in the Pantanal and southern Amazon areas.

Typesetting math: 16% Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Parana, R. Francisco H. dos Santos, Curitiba 81531-990, Paraná, Brazil

Materials with magnetic properties are essential in various electric sector technologies. However, the generation of pollutants is of concern, increasing the interest in developing new sustainable, low-cost magnetic materials. These materials have notable applications in protecting against electromagnetic interference (EMI), which can lead to health problems as well as environmental pollution. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to produce a sustainable magnetic polymer using different methods of magnetite incorporation, investigate its magnetic properties, and determine its EMI shielding potential. The magnetic BC materials were obtained via in situ and ex situ magnetic incorporation in processed BC membranes and BC hydrogels. Analyses were carried out using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and VSM, and tests were performed to assess electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE). The results revealed that the magnetite incorporation method influences the final size of nanoparticles, the arrangement among BC fibers, and the magnetic properties. Materials produced from processed BC had a higher percentage of incorporated magnetite and greater magnetic saturation, whereas those containing nanoparticles with a larger diameter had a stronger coercive field. Although samples did not have high EMI SE, magnetite increased the wave reflection and absorption of the material. This biomaterial can drive important innovations in the energy sector, particularly in efficient and ecological electrical infrastructure.

The focus of this work is on small municipalities (population below 50 thousand inhabitants) that cover around 87% of the territory of the Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA). Based on a comprehensive integrated analysis approach using the three components hazard (climate extremes from CMIP6 future scenarios), exposure (directly affected population), and vulnerability (subdimensions of susceptibility and coping/adaptive capacity by using multidimensional indicators), the latter two using current datasets provided by the official Census IBGE 2022, we document a quantitative assessment of the risk R of natural disasters in the BLA region. We evidenced a worrying and imminent intensification of the curve of R in most Amazonian municipalities over the next two 25-year periods. The overall results of the highest proportions of R (total municipalities affected) pointed out the Amazonas, Roraima, Pará, and Maranhão as the main states, presenting projected categories of R high in the near future (2015 to 2039) and very high in the far future (2040 to 2064). The detailed assessment of the susceptibility and coping/adaptive capacity allowed us to elucidate the principal indicators that aggravate the degree of vulnerability: economy, the precariousness of urban infrastructure, medical services, communication, and urban mobility, whose combined factors, unfortunately, reveal a widespread poverty profile along the small Amazonian municipalities. Our scientific findings can assist decision makers in targeted strategies planning and public policies to minimize and mitigate ongoing and future climate change.

Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil

Background: A COVID-19 pandemic erupted, causing a global viral pneumonia outbreak, marking the most significant public health crisis of the 21st century. These changes profoundly impacted population health and well-being, leading to shifts in dietary habits. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods in the Brazilian Amazon before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis study derived from the Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel, 2019–2021) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. All statistical analyses were performed using the Stata 17 statistical program in the survey module (svy). Results: We found an increased frequency in the subgroups of consumption of ultra-processed foods in the capital of the Brazilian Amazon region between the years 2019 and 2021. In the cities of Boa Vista and Macapá, there was a significant increase in the consumption of snacks, salty snacks, cookies, and meat products. Boa Vista and Macapá showed an increase in the percentage difference in the consumption ≥5 of ultra-processed subgroups, being 30.4% (

This work proposes a design methodology for predictive control applied to the single-phase PWM inverter with an LC filter. In the design, we considered that the PWM inverter has parametric uncertainties in the filter inductance and output load resistance. The control system purpose is to track a sinusoidal signal at the inverter output. The designed control system with an embedded integrator uses the principle of receding horizon control, which underpinned predictive control. The methodology was described by linear matrix inequalities, which can be solved efficiently using convex programming techniques, and the optimal solution is obtained. MATLAB-Simulink and real-time FPGA-in-the-loop simulations illustrate the viability of the proposed control system. The LMI-based MPC reveals an effective performance for tracking of a sinusoidal reference signal and disturbance rejection of input voltage and load perturbations for the inverter subject to uncertainties.