Wei Wang

Abstract The Christchurch mutation (R136S) on the APOE3 (E3S/S) gene is associated with attenuation of tau load and cognitive decline despite

Background HD is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of CAG repeats in the HTT. Silencing the expression of mutated proteins is a therapeutic direction to rescue HD patients, and recent advances in gene editing technology such as CRISPR/CasRx have opened up new avenues for therapeutic intervention.

Abstract Background: The association between social media usage and the risk of depressive symptoms has attracted increasing attention.

We consider the fractional Langevin equation far from equilibrium (FLEFE) to describe stochastic dynamics which do not obey the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, unlike the conventional fractional Langevin equation (FLE). The solution of this equation is Riemann-Liouville fractional Brownian motion (RL-FBM), also known in the literature as FBM II. Spurious nonergodicity, stationarity, and aging properties of the solution are explored for all admissible values of the order of the time-fractional Caputo derivative in the FLEFE. The increments of the process are asymptotically stationary. However when, the time-averaged mean-squared displacement (TAMSD) does not converge to the mean-squared displacement (MSD). Instead, it converges to the mean-squared increment (MSI) or structure function, leading to the phenomenon of spurious nonergodicity. When, the increments of FLEFE motion are nonergodic, however the higher order increments are asymptotically ergodic. We also discuss the aging effect in the FLEFE by investigating the influence of an aging time on the MSD, TAMSD and autocovariance function of the increments. We find that under strong aging conditions the process becomes ergodic, and the increments become stationary in the domain.

After decades of debate on the origin of turtles, it is now widely accepted that they are diapsid reptiles originating in the Permian from a terrestrial ancestor. It seems that the initial development of the structures that will later form the unique turtle bony shell took place as a response to a fossorial lifestyle. However, the earliest stem turtle with a fully complete plastron, Odontochelys semitestacea from the Late Triassic (lower Carnian) of China, is somewhat controversially interpreted as an aquatic or even a marine form, raising the question of the environment in which the completion of the plastron happened. Here, we analyzed the stable carbon, oxygen and sulfur isotope compositions (δ13C, δ18O and δ34S) of bones from two specimens of Odontochelys along with bones and teeth of two associated specimens of the marine ichthyosaur Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae. We first show that δ18O values of Odontochelys are incompatible with a terrestrial lifestyle and imply a semi-aquatic to aquatic lifestyle. Isotopic results also demonstrate that the aquatic environment of Odontochelys was submitted to a strong marine influence, therefore excluding the possibility of a strict freshwater aquatic environment. Additionally, an unusual carbon isotope composition shows that O. semitestacea was herbivorous, probably consuming macrophytic algae in coastal zones like the extant green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) or the marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) do.

The negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) structure, as one of the representatives of advanced lightweight honeycomb materials, has good application prospects in aerospace, vehicles, biomedical, and other fields due to its unique deformation mechanism and huge energy absorption potential. In this article, a 2D asymmetric windmill-style composite honeycomb (AWH) with NPR effects is presented and its compression properties are systematically assessed using both axial compression experiments and simulations. Through the experimental results, the accuracy and applicability of the finite-element model are verified, indicating that the shape of the rotating arrangement and the stable internal design of the triangle make it have significantly higher energy absorption capacity than traditional symmetric reentrant honeycomb structures. In addition, the influence of the height, width, and cell spacing of asymmetric unit cell indentation points on the compression characteristics of AWH under axial quasi-static compression conditions is further analyzed through orthogonal simulation experiments. In this study, a certain theoretical basis for the design and energy absorption application of NPR materials is provided, indicating that AWH has excellent mechanical properties and broad application prospects.

Abstract Directed axon trafficking of mRNA via ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) is essential for the proper function and survival of neurons.

Jingwen Jiang MD ∙ Kangjie Kong MD ∙ Fengbin Lin MD, PhD [email protected] ∙ … ∙ Fei Li MD, PhD

Lixia Wang,1, * Wei Wang,2, * Jian Wang,1 Ling Zhu,1 Jianjiang Luo1

Abstract Herein, transcription factor NF-κB is characterized from two model jellyfish, Aurelia aurita (Aa) and Clytia hemisphaerica (Ch). Both